7 Underrated European Cities for Art Enthusiasts in 2024

7 Underrated European Cities for Art Enthusiasts in 2024 - Porto's Street Art Revolution and Serralves Museum

Porto offers a compelling blend of established and emerging art forms, showcasing its artistic spirit through both its celebrated street art and the prestigious Serralves Museum of Contemporary Art. The Serralves Museum, a creation of renowned architect Álvaro Siza Vieira, opened its doors in 1999. Its focus on temporary exhibitions means that it constantly features new work from international contemporary artists, making each visit potentially unique. Situated within a vast, beautifully landscaped 18-hectare estate, the museum provides not only an immersion in art but also a serene, park-like setting. Adding to Porto's artistic allure is its lively street art culture. Murals and other forms of street art are woven into the city's fabric, giving Porto a distinct visual identity and serving as a testament to the city’s local artistic talent and influences. This vibrant tapestry of street art and contemporary art within the museum makes Porto a truly captivating destination for art lovers looking for a more off-the-beaten-path European experience.

The Serralves Museum of Contemporary Art, inaugurated in 1999, is a cornerstone of Portugal's cultural scene, a testament to the nation's dedication to showcasing contemporary art and fostering cultural exchanges. The minimalist design, a product of renowned architect Álvaro Siza Vieira's vision, perfectly complements the surrounding landscape of the Serralves estate. This expansive 18-hectare property blends the museum with a public park and the historic Villa Serralves, creating a harmonious fusion of nature and architectural form. Entry costs 20 Euros, granting access to the museum, park, and the Casa de Cinema.

However, instead of holding a permanent collection, the Serralves Museum champions temporary exhibitions. These ever-changing exhibits feature a diverse range of contemporary art, bringing international artists and movements to Porto. This approach makes each visit a unique encounter, encouraging repeat explorations.

Meanwhile, Porto's streets have become canvases for a vibrant and prolific street art movement. This creative outburst, fuelled by local artists and numerous international mural festivals, has transformed the city into a fascinating outdoor art gallery. It's an intriguing evolution of the urban environment, reflecting the city's historical context and current socio-political environment.

The Serralves Museum stands as a hub for contemporary art beyond mere exhibitions. It plays a crucial role in the art ecosystem, conducting public programs, offering educational resources, and collaborating with national and international partners. In essence, it acts as a catalyst for artistic progress within Porto and beyond. The street art revolution adds another dimension to the city's already eclectic arts landscape, bolstering Porto's reputation as a surprisingly artistic European destination. It is an example of how an active art scene can subtly change a city's character. While many cities struggle to find interesting ways to attract travelers, this approach seems surprisingly successful and a worthy addition to any visitor's itinerary in this region.

What else is in this post?

1. 7 Underrated European Cities for Art Enthusiasts in 2024 - Porto's Street Art Revolution and Serralves Museum
2. 7 Underrated European Cities for Art Enthusiasts in 2024 - Lviv's Emerging Contemporary Art Galleries
3. 7 Underrated European Cities for Art Enthusiasts in 2024 - Ghent's SMAK Museum and Design District
4. 7 Underrated European Cities for Art Enthusiasts in 2024 - Antwerp's Fashion Museum and Diamond District
5. Antwerp's Fashion Museum and Diamond District: A Curious Mix
6. 7 Underrated European Cities for Art Enthusiasts in 2024 - Innsbruck's Ambras Castle and Art in the Alps
7. 7 Underrated European Cities for Art Enthusiasts in 2024 - Tbilisi's Biennale and Underground Art Scene
8. 7 Underrated European Cities for Art Enthusiasts in 2024 - Florence's Lesser-Known Palazzo Strozzi Exhibitions

7 Underrated European Cities for Art Enthusiasts in 2024 - Lviv's Emerging Contemporary Art Galleries

Lviv's art scene is experiencing a renaissance, with a growing number of contemporary art galleries showcasing a new wave of artistic talent. These galleries aren't simply exhibition spaces; they are focal points for discussions and interactions between artists, curators, and the wider community, enriching Lviv's distinct cultural identity. The emphasis on nurturing fresh perspectives and innovative art forms within a historical context is evident throughout the city. This dedication to supporting contemporary art makes Lviv an exciting destination for art enthusiasts seeking an invigorating atmosphere and a look at an emerging artistic voice. As Lviv's artistic landscape continues to develop and gain international recognition, it offers a unique experience for art enthusiasts in a part of Europe often overlooked.

Lviv, a city with a rich historical backdrop, is quietly establishing itself as a focal point for contemporary art. Within the last five years, over 30 new galleries have sprung up, showcasing a blossoming local artistic talent and innovative approaches to art-making that are increasingly rivaling more established art centers throughout Europe. This surge in creativity is not just confined to galleries. The city's annual Lviv Art Biennale has attracted a growing number of curators and collectors from around the globe, injecting new economic activity into the local art community and raising the international profile of Lviv's artists, effectively boosting tourism.

The increased accessibility of Lviv thanks to several recent airline routes and budget carrier options offering connections from larger cities like Warsaw and Krakow has facilitated increased art-related travel to the region. It's fascinating to see how this interplay of art, economics, and infrastructure are changing the city.

Lviv's art scene doesn't shy away from complex themes. It reflects a blending of Eastern European heritage with a modern outlook. Many galleries feature art that challenges traditional historical narratives and explores contemporary social issues. This approach has captured the attention of art critics and further solidified Lviv's presence on the international art radar.

A notable aspect of Lviv’s art scene is the vibrant community it fosters. It's not dominated by a few high-profile galleries, unlike some major art hubs. Instead, Lviv has a proliferation of artist co-operatives and artist-in-residence programs. These initiatives facilitate collaboration among artists and provide opportunities for travelers to connect directly with them through workshops and open studio events. It's an interesting model for fostering a collaborative and accessible art ecosystem. Importantly, the exhibition costs in these spaces are generally lower, making it possible for emerging artists to gain visibility and experience, which helps nurture a more diverse range of talent without the barriers of hefty financial requirements.


The impact of digital platforms and online visibility has also become a factor in Lviv’s expanding art scene. Galleries are leveraging these channels to increase their global reach. It's interesting how this is transforming the established conventions of art commerce, making it possible for art enthusiasts from around the world to discover and acquire works by Lviv-based artists. This is clearly shifting the dynamics of how art is bought and sold, particularly compared to more established art markets.

Furthermore, the culinary scene of Lviv has become intertwined with its art scene. Several galleries often host temporary art-themed restaurants and cafes, creating a more comprehensive cultural experience for visitors by seamlessly integrating food and art. Beyond traditional visual art, galleries are also presenting interdisciplinary projects involving performance and digital art, challenging the traditional boundaries of art and encouraging a broader audience to engage with the arts.

It's clear that the local authorities have grasped the potential for art to stimulate urban development. They have been proactively supporting this growing sector with investments in cultural infrastructure. The aim is to attract both artists and tourists alike, further solidifying Lviv's growing reputation as a vibrant cultural destination. It's worth keeping an eye on Lviv to observe how these trends continue to shape its identity as a city of art and culture.

7 Underrated European Cities for Art Enthusiasts in 2024 - Ghent's SMAK Museum and Design District

Ghent's SMAK Museum, the city's contemporary art museum, is an essential part of Ghent's cultural landscape and is set to undergo a significant upgrade. A redevelopment project, spearheaded by the London-based David Kohn Architects, plans to significantly enlarge the museum with an additional 20,000 square meters of exhibition space, making it a more prominent platform for contemporary art. This expansion reflects SMAK's vision of being an accessible and inclusive museum for a diverse public, emphasizing transparency and offering a place for experimentation and innovation within the realm of modern art. Ghent's Design District enhances the SMAK's impact. The district’s focus on creativity and innovation creates a synergistic atmosphere that boosts Ghent's artistic profile. As Ghent continues to grow its reputation as a hidden gem for art aficionados, these changes to the SMAK promise to significantly enhance a visitor's cultural experience in this historic city.

## Ghent's SMAK Museum and Design District: A Glimpse into Contemporary Art and Design

Ghent, a city often overlooked by art enthusiasts, holds a fascinating cultural gem: the SMAK Museum and its surrounding Design District. The SMAK, or Municipal Museum of Contemporary Art, established in 1999, has recently undergone a revitalization process. A collaborative effort between London's David Kohn Architects, noAarchitecten, and Asli iek, the redesign aims to optimize the museum experience. This ambitious undertaking, with a projected cost of roughly 90 million euros, involves restructuring and expanding a group of historical buildings within central Ghent. The result will be a substantial increase in exhibition space, adding about 20,000 square meters dedicated to contemporary art.


SMAK's design approach, under the direction of architect Hugo Van Kuyck, is refreshingly minimalist. The design philosophy emphasizes transparency and inclusivity, aiming to make the museum feel like an "open house." This style ensures the art takes center stage, minimizing the impact of the architectural environment. The museum's emphasis on constantly evolving exhibits, rather than clinging to a permanent collection, offers a fresh perspective on presenting contemporary art. This dynamism keeps the experience invigorating, particularly for repeat visitors who can encounter new artistic voices with each visit.

Complementing SMAK is Ghent's Design District, a burgeoning hub for creative industries. It's a testament to Ghent's growing role as a center for innovation and artistic expression. The district is not just about aesthetics. It is a dynamic blend of design studios, creative businesses, art-themed pop-up shops, and local markets, fostering a lively community atmosphere. This fusion of activities makes it a vibrant place for both locals and visitors.


For those seeking a deeper dive into artistic history, the Museum of Fine Arts Ghent (MSK) is a short distance away. The MSK is a treasure trove of European art history, spanning from the Middle Ages to the 20th century, featuring works by renowned artists like Hieronymus Bosch, Peter Paul Rubens, and René Magritte.


Ghent's location makes it a convenient destination. With readily available train connections from many major European cities, alongside a growing number of low-cost airline routes, the city is easily accessible for those seeking to explore its art and design scene. Moreover, SMAK, in its pursuit of outreach, offers various programs and educational workshops for diverse audiences, making the experience accessible beyond just art connoisseurs. Adjacent to SMAK is the Design Museum Ghent, another cultural asset that sheds light on the evolution of design, particularly within visual culture. The Design District also features a number of cafes and restaurants that integrate art into their design and even menus, providing a multi-sensory experience for visitors.


Ghent stands as a compelling example of how a city, by embracing contemporary art and fostering a thriving design ecosystem, can develop a unique identity and become a cultural hub. This underrated gem deserves a place on any art enthusiast's European itinerary.

7 Underrated European Cities for Art Enthusiasts in 2024 - Antwerp's Fashion Museum and Diamond District

Antwerp, often overlooked by tourists, presents a captivating experience for art enthusiasts, particularly those interested in fashion and the history of luxury goods. The MoMu, or the Fashion Museum, has established itself as a prominent platform showcasing contemporary Belgian fashion and design, highlighting the contributions of renowned figures like the Antwerp Six, who significantly shaped Antwerp’s emergence as a fashion hub. This focus on local and national talent provides a refreshing and unique perspective compared to more established fashion capitals like Paris or Milan.

Meanwhile, Antwerp's Diamond District stands as a testament to the city's enduring legacy in the global diamond trade. For centuries, this area has been central to the diamond industry, handling a remarkable 85% of the world's rough diamonds, making it a powerful force in the global economy. For visitors, the Antwerp Diamond Museum's "Room of Wonders" offers an interactive journey through the history of diamond craftsmanship and jewelry making, providing an educational and entertaining experience. This juxtaposition of a vibrant fashion scene and the history of diamonds creates an interesting contrast and makes Antwerp a compelling location for art and design enthusiasts seeking to explore the intersection of art, industry, and history. While some may find the experience overly commercial in nature, there is no denying the unique experience of being in a place that's so central to global luxury markets.

Antwerp's Fashion Museum and Diamond District: A Curious Mix

Antwerp's reputation as a global diamond hub is well-deserved. Roughly 85% of the world's rough diamonds pass through the city's Diamond District, also known as the Diamond Quarter or Square Mile. This centuries-old trade, dating back to the 16th century, has shaped the city's economy and built a multi-billion euro industry. It's fascinating to see how this historic trade continues to thrive in the modern era. The Antwerp Diamond Museum's 'Room of Wonders' provides a captivating interactive experience that details the history of diamonds, silversmithing, and jewelry making, offering a glimpse into the skill and craftsmanship behind these treasured stones. For those interested in retail, the district is filled with diamond shops, providing opportunities to purchase exquisite diamond souvenirs—if one's budget allows.

But Antwerp isn't just about gleaming gems. It’s also established itself as a major fashion center, a legacy linked to the Royal Academy of Fine Arts. This educational institution nurtured a group of influential designers, the Antwerp Six, who helped put Antwerp on the international fashion map. The city's Fashion Museum, MoMu, has built a formidable collection of over 25,000 items, showcasing Belgian contemporary fashion. Established in 2002, the museum is housed in a modern building designed by Marie-José Van Hee, its architectural design a striking contrast to the city's more traditional structures. It presents a dynamic array of rotating exhibitions, encouraging visitors to engage with the ever-changing world of fashion. This focus on temporary exhibitions, rather than a static permanent collection, keeps the museum's content vibrant and allows for a wide variety of perspectives on fashion design.

The city fosters this creative energy with events like Antwerp Fashion Week and the Art & Fashion Festival, attracting international designers and reinforcing Antwerp's status as a hub for fashion innovation and cultural exchange. Beyond these events, the museum runs a selection of educational programs and workshops, offering deeper insight into fashion design and its history, providing educational opportunities for those with a keen interest in fashion.

Intriguingly, the fashion and culinary worlds seem to have intersected in Antwerp, with certain restaurants adopting fashion-inspired design and food presentations. It's interesting to observe this fusion, offering visitors a broader experience that combines the creative energy of fashion with the pleasures of food.

The combination of the diamond trade and the fashion world creates an unusual, even unexpected blend of activities in Antwerp. It’s a reminder that a city's identity can be multi-faceted and that sometimes seemingly disparate industries can coexist, creating a unique experience for both locals and visitors. The recent expansion of low-cost airline routes into the city has made it easier than ever to visit, further fueling tourism and attracting art enthusiasts to discover this city’s intriguing mix of historical trade, creativity, and design.

7 Underrated European Cities for Art Enthusiasts in 2024 - Innsbruck's Ambras Castle and Art in the Alps

In the heart of the Alps, Innsbruck's Ambras Castle stands as a remarkable blend of art and history, a compelling destination for art enthusiasts seeking something beyond the usual tourist trail. Originally constructed in the 16th century by Archduke Ferdinand II as a gesture of love for his wife, the castle boasts a stunning display of German Renaissance design and ornate interior spaces. What elevates Ambras Castle further is its role as one of the world's first museums, a testament to Archduke Ferdinand II's deep appreciation for art. Today, the castle functions as a museum and cultural hub, housing a captivating collection of art and historical artifacts that offer a glimpse into both the artistry and the social context of the Renaissance era. The castle grounds are just as captivating, offering picturesque views of the surrounding Tyrolean landscape and providing a compelling connection between art, architecture, and nature. While Innsbruck might not be as renowned as some other major European art centers, Ambras Castle offers a distinct cultural experience, a hidden gem waiting to be discovered.

### Innsbruck's Ambras Castle and Art in the Alps


Ambras Castle, perched above Innsbruck in the Austrian Alps, is more than just a picturesque Renaissance castle. Built in the 16th century on the site of an earlier structure, it was originally a love gift from Archduke Ferdinand II to his wife, Philippine Welser. Today, it stands as a testament to Renaissance architectural ideals and a fascinating repository of art and culture.

The castle's architecture is a blend of Tyrolean traditions and Mannerist influences. It's built to both impress and to withstand the often harsh alpine climate, offering a unique insight into how engineers adapted building techniques for a mountainous landscape. Ferdinand II's role as an art collector and patron is evident throughout the castle. He transformed Ambras into a museum in the late 16th century, arguably one of the world's first public museums, making art accessible beyond the elite. His eclectic collection, which includes armor, paintings, manuscripts and other objects, provides a glimpse into the artistic and intellectual landscape of the era.

Beyond the castle's walls, the surrounding gardens are carefully designed, offering visitors a tranquil respite within the mountainous setting. These gardens are a manifestation of Renaissance landscape design principles, where the natural environment is framed and integrated with the architectural space. The Spanish Hall, with its exceptional acoustics, is another testament to the meticulous planning and engineering that went into the castle's design. It provides an intriguing example of how architecture and sound were closely considered.


The region's alpine landscape, with its stunning peaks and valleys, serves as a constant backdrop to the castle's collection. Art within the castle often reflects the relationship between humans and the natural environment, themes that resonate with contemporary artistic movements. Though its primary focus remains on Renaissance art, the castle has also incorporated elements of modern art into its programming, showcasing how artistic expression has evolved over the centuries. The integration of art with the local culture is further evident through open-air events and festivals where cuisine and art are combined, offering visitors a sensory experience.


Innsbruck's increasing accessibility due to the expansion of low-cost airline routes has made it easier than ever for art enthusiasts to explore the city and visit the castle. This growth in air travel is a double-edged sword for the region, spurring tourism but raising questions regarding its long-term impact on the Alps' delicate environment. However, the combination of a well-preserved historical landmark and a breathtaking alpine setting makes Innsbruck and its Ambras Castle a truly unique destination for those interested in European art and history.

7 Underrated European Cities for Art Enthusiasts in 2024 - Tbilisi's Biennale and Underground Art Scene

Tbilisi's art scene is steadily growing in prominence, particularly with the upcoming Tbilisi Art Biennale, set for October 25th to November 7th, 2025. This biannual event is poised to become a major platform showcasing a mix of local and international artists, reflecting Tbilisi's unique position as a cultural bridge between East and West. Beyond the Biennale, the city's less-known underground art scene offers a compellingly authentic view of contemporary artistic expression. It provides an opportunity for those seeking to delve deeper into local creativity beyond the typical art world circuit.

Georgian artists, who once primarily sought international recognition outside of Georgia, are increasingly contributing to the city's growing artistic identity, enriching the local art landscape. The increasing number of flights now serving the city have made it a more convenient destination, putting Tbilisi on the radar of art enthusiasts looking for the next exciting destination in Europe. It's a compelling mix of the established and the burgeoning, making it a worthwhile stop for art lovers seeking undiscovered talent and a fresh perspective on art.

### Tbilisi's Biennale and Underground Art Scene: A Look at Emerging Art

The Tbilisi Biennale, established in 2016, has quickly positioned Tbilisi as a focal point for contemporary art. It's interesting to see how this relatively new event has managed to capture attention, especially with its emphasis on a variety of artistic approaches and techniques. The organizers' focus on interdisciplinary practices and contemporary art expressions has created a sense of dynamism within the city's cultural landscape.

One thing that stands out about Tbilisi's underground art scene is its use of unconventional spaces. Abandoned structures and renovated industrial spaces serve as unusual canvases and venues, bringing new life to neglected areas. This inventive use of space reflects how the city is embracing a sort of creative renewal, subtly reshaping its urban environment.

It's clear that many artists in Tbilisi use art as a means to address social and political issues. Many works presented at the Biennale explore Georgian history and contemporary political discussions. This intertwining of art and political commentary fosters dialogue and change within the community, which creates a unique dynamic for the art scene.

The Biennale has also seen a rise in international participation. Artists from more than 30 countries have brought their work to Tbilisi, fostering collaborations and exchanges. This cross-cultural engagement has created new connections and enriched Tbilisi's art scene. Increased air service to the city has made Tbilisi more accessible. Several new airlines are offering flights from various European destinations, which is encouraging a new wave of art enthusiasts to visit the city without breaking the bank on airfare.

Tbilisi's art scene is diverse, showcasing everything from video and installation art to performance. This range of styles reinforces the city's eclectic artistic spirit, often pushing the boundaries of traditional art forms.

Interestingly, a growing number of local collectors has appeared in Tbilisi in recent years. This rise in collectors has helped stabilize the art market and made artworks more affordable and accessible to the public, particularly for emerging artists.

Art and food often appear in tandem in Tbilisi. Exhibitions frequently occur alongside culinary events in local galleries, which is an interesting way to integrate Georgian cuisine into the artistic experience and provide a well-rounded cultural perspective.

The Tbilisi Biennale makes a concerted effort to engage the wider public. Through workshops and community conversations, the Biennale provides a platform for individuals to interact with artists and gain a deeper appreciation for contemporary art.

It's fascinating to see how Tbilisi's underground art scene is functioning as a catalyst for broader changes in the city. The artists' works are often thought-provoking, leading to discussions on identity, culture, and history. This active role in shaping public perception makes Tbilisi a fascinating example of how art can influence society in a distinct way.

7 Underrated European Cities for Art Enthusiasts in 2024 - Florence's Lesser-Known Palazzo Strozzi Exhibitions

Beyond the familiar Renaissance masterpieces of Florence, the Palazzo Strozzi offers a dynamic platform for exploring a wide spectrum of art. It has become a hub for innovative exhibitions that connect historical and contemporary artistic expressions. Currently, the palace features "Helen Frankenthaler: Painting without Rules", an exhibition running from September 27, 2024, until January 26, 2025. It offers a unique insight into this modernist painter's unconventional style, highlighting her lasting impact on the art world. Recent exhibitions have been just as interesting. The "Yan Pei-Ming: Painting Histories" exhibition, which finished this past summer, shed light on the reflections of a Franco-Chinese painter on the art of painting, while "Donatello: The Renaissance" celebrated a monumental figure in art history. These exhibitions showcase the Strozzi's dedication to presenting remarkable artistic movements and individual artists. It's not just about indoor exhibitions. The courtyard itself has become an art space, hosting remarkable pieces such as "Angel’s Fall" during previous shows. This blend of architectural beauty with contemporary art within its walls firmly positions Palazzo Strozzi as a critical force within Florence's cultural scene, helping to ensure that Florence stays a relevant player within the international art community. It is a hidden gem for art enthusiasts venturing off the usual tourist path and exploring a side of Florence that's a bit less publicized.

### Florence's Palazzo Strozzi: Beyond the Expected

Palazzo Strozzi, a Renaissance architectural marvel, stands as a dynamic hub for art and culture in Florence. While its grandeur is readily apparent, its exhibition program offers a surprising depth of exploration beyond typical tourist expectations.

The palace's history itself is intriguing. Constructed in the late 15th century, its design embodies the transition from medieval to Renaissance aesthetics, showcasing Florence's artistic ambition even before the modern exhibition era. This historical context is important in understanding the palace's role as a cultural landmark.

One remarkable aspect is Palazzo Strozzi's commitment to accessibility. Unlike many Florentine landmarks that are geared towards the elite, Strozzi strives to make art accessible to a broader audience. Frequent free events and discounted entry for specific groups contribute to this goal, making it a more inclusive cultural center than many other similarly grand palaces.

Furthermore, recent curatorial approaches have incorporated immersive, multi-media elements into exhibitions. This departure from traditional presentation styles often involves augmented reality and other technologies to provide a deeper understanding of the artworks. The goal is to enhance the viewer's experience, broadening how we can engage with visual arts.

These innovations are often facilitated through partnerships with prominent museums across the globe. This practice provides Florentines with access to collections that might otherwise be inaccessible, raising the profile of art in the region. It is remarkable how the palace becomes a bridge for showcasing international art.

A look at recent exhibitions reveals a keen interest in contemporary issues. Themes of climate change, identity, and migration have found their way onto the walls of the Strozzi, offering a platform for public dialogue and reflection on pressing global concerns. This willingness to engage with complex societal problems using art provides a vital contribution to cultural discourse.

Furthermore, there’s a fascinating attempt to integrate art and culinary experiences at the palace. Special events with chefs and food artists who draw inspiration from exhibition themes create a holistic sensory experience that broadens how visitors interact with the artwork. This unique approach connects cultural engagement with the sensory realm.

The building itself is an engineering marvel. Its sandstone façade, carefully planned in its proportions, was designed to convey the Strozzi family's wealth and power, making it a noteworthy example of Renaissance architectural design. It's interesting how this structure continues to inform architectural students even today.


Palazzo Strozzi is also actively engaged in education, hosting programs for local schools to interact with contemporary art. This important initiative fosters an appreciation for artistic expression among the next generation of Florentines, helping build future patrons and creators.


In addition, there is a growing emphasis on showcasing the work of female artists, which helps address historical imbalances and bring more diverse viewpoints into the contemporary art conversation. The palace’s role in highlighting the contributions of women artists is significant given how overlooked they have historically been.

Lastly, while not primarily focused on environmental practices, the palazzo is beginning to explore subtle sustainability initiatives in exhibition design and operational processes. This includes the use of eco-friendly materials and efforts to reduce the environmental impact of traveling exhibits, which reflects a broader, globally-conscious move toward more responsible cultural practices.


Overall, Palazzo Strozzi provides a rich and evolving cultural experience beyond the expected. Its exhibitions, blending Renaissance architecture with cutting-edge art and cultural programs, solidify its status as a true treasure of Florence and a vital contributor to the international art scene.