7 Essential Safety Protocols for First-Time Solo Female Travelers in European Capital Cities

7 Essential Safety Protocols for First-Time Solo Female Travelers in European Capital Cities - Track Your Journey with Apple AirTags Inside Each Piece of Luggage for Real-Time Location Updates

Keeping tabs on your luggage during your travels, especially when navigating unfamiliar European cities alone, can be a major worry. Thankfully, the advent of Apple AirTags offers a simple and effective solution. These tiny GPS trackers, when slipped inside each of your bags, connect effortlessly to your iPhone and provide real-time location information. What makes this technology particularly useful is its reliance on a widespread network of Apple devices. This expands the tracking capabilities beyond a standard GPS, leading to a more precise ability to locate your belongings – no matter where they might wander off to. The simple design makes setup a breeze, and replaceable batteries mean you won't be burdened with needing to find a replacement if it suddenly stops working. It's also noteworthy that AirTags aren't just for luggage – you can employ them to track other valuables like wallets or backpacks. Given the continuing problems with airlines losing or mishandling luggage, especially for those flying in and out of the popular European capitals, many travelers are embracing AirTags as an added layer of security during their journeys. It's become a travel essential for those who want a bit more control over their luggage whereabouts.

Keeping tabs on your luggage during travels, particularly when navigating the often-chaotic world of airline baggage handling, is a concern for many. Apple's AirTags have emerged as a potential solution to this issue, leveraging a clever approach to location tracking.

These small, easily-integrated devices employ Bluetooth to connect to any nearby Apple device. Interestingly, this means that even when your suitcase is beyond the immediate range of your phone, it can still communicate its location via other Apple devices in the vicinity, creating a wider network for tracking. The level of accuracy is surprisingly good, especially when using the Ultra Wideband feature found on more recent iPhones and allows you to pinpoint a bag's position within a few feet in open areas.

The power source for an AirTag is a standard CR2032 battery, which Apple claims lasts for roughly a year, which is a noteworthy point for travelers who don't want the burden of replacing batteries constantly during trips. Now, while many travelers may dismiss the issue of lost luggage, statistics suggest it's a significant issue. Reports indicate that tens of millions of bags are mishandled every year globally. For a solo traveler, especially in a foreign country, having a method to quickly locate a bag could be critical. The AirTags, therefore, not only offer peace of mind through location tracking, but also potentially saves time and frustration.

In the realm of travel technology, AirTags align with a growing desire for technological solutions that help enhance the travel experience. It's increasingly common to see travelers seek more control and predictability in their travel and knowing exactly where a piece of luggage is fits into this trend. A significant detail is Apple's "Precision Finding" feature, which allows the user to pinpoint their AirTag with the help of specialized sensors and algorithms when in range. This can be invaluable in airports and crowded baggage reclaim areas. But there's a bit of a catch: to share an AirTag with someone else, the original user has to detach it from their Apple ID, which isn't always ideal.

While AirTags offer a benefit, it's important to note that they are not a panacea to all travel woes. The integration of privacy features is interesting and important in this digital age. AirTags include an alert that can notify you if an unknown AirTag is tracking your movements. This shows the understanding that people are increasingly wary of being tracked without their knowledge.

It's also curious that airlines are starting to realize how important luggage tracking is for their customers. The airlines that offer a seamless, trackable experience for luggage could, in turn, find increased customer loyalty from those who value convenience and peace of mind. Furthermore, AirTags can even come into play during customs declarations on international trips, which might be useful in the event of luggage disputes. Studies have demonstrated that having the ability to locate lost baggage using a system like AirTags can result in a significant reduction in time spent searching for lost luggage, possibly by hours. This level of efficiency can be particularly helpful for those traveling alone who rely on their plans being on schedule. It's a fascinating example of how technology is impacting our everyday travel decisions.

What else is in this post?

1. 7 Essential Safety Protocols for First-Time Solo Female Travelers in European Capital Cities - Track Your Journey with Apple AirTags Inside Each Piece of Luggage for Real-Time Location Updates
2. 7 Essential Safety Protocols for First-Time Solo Female Travelers in European Capital Cities - Book Women-Only Floors at NH Collection Hotels Across European Capitals
3. 7 Essential Safety Protocols for First-Time Solo Female Travelers in European Capital Cities - Download European Emergency Numbers App with Offline Access and GPS Location Sharing
4. 7 Essential Safety Protocols for First-Time Solo Female Travelers in European Capital Cities - Connect with Female Travel Groups Through Meetup Events in Major Cities
5. 7 Essential Safety Protocols for First-Time Solo Female Travelers in European Capital Cities - Register Your Travel Plans with Your Country's Embassy Alert System
6. 7 Essential Safety Protocols for First-Time Solo Female Travelers in European Capital Cities - Use Digital Door Jammers and Window Alarms in Your Accommodation
7. 7 Essential Safety Protocols for First-Time Solo Female Travelers in European Capital Cities - Get a European SIM Card with Unlimited Data for Constant Connectivity

7 Essential Safety Protocols for First-Time Solo Female Travelers in European Capital Cities - Book Women-Only Floors at NH Collection Hotels Across European Capitals

Several NH Collection hotels across major European cities now feature women-only floors, a thoughtful addition that caters specifically to solo female travelers. These floors aim to provide an enhanced sense of security and privacy, which can be a key concern for women traveling alone in unfamiliar environments. Beyond this, the hotels also provide standard amenities one would expect from a modern hotel – free WiFi is a standard feature, for example, along with things like 24-hour front desks, providing a sense of reassurance.

Some locations, like the NH Collection Palazzo Verona, even extend these services further to include express laundry, bike rentals, and babysitting – catering to a wider range of family or individual traveler needs. While the concept itself might appear novel, it is merely an extension of existing efforts of hotels to cater to niche demographics. It's worth noting that the locations of these hotels tend to be in more central parts of the cities, which makes them a convenient base for exploring the area.

Whether this level of specialization is truly necessary or just a clever marketing ploy is up for debate, but it does speak to a larger societal trend in travel: the growing awareness and concern regarding safety, comfort, and targeted service delivery in the hospitality industry. For some, the extra comfort provided by this concept could be beneficial and make the experience more enjoyable. While the initiative might not be universally needed or universally appreciated, it nonetheless represents a positive step toward ensuring female travelers feel comfortable and safe during their journeys.

Several NH Collection hotels across major European cities have introduced women-only floors, a move aimed at enhancing safety and comfort for solo female travelers. This approach seems to be part of a larger trend within the hospitality industry where hotel chains are trying to appeal to a growing market of female solo travelers.

It's interesting to note that the NH Collection Palazzo Verona offers a range of services typically found in a hotel. These include standard amenities such as free Wi-Fi and a 24-hour front desk, but also services like express laundry and bicycle rental, which could be particularly appealing to solo travelers.

The NH Collection Eindhoven Centre presents an example of how hotels in city centers grapple with parking needs. While parking is available, it's off-site and comes with a daily or hourly fee, which could be an inconvenience and a factor to consider for those who plan on using a vehicle during their stay.

The NH Collection brand caters to a premium market, focusing on business and leisure travelers alike. This emphasis on a premium experience aligns with its strategy to position itself in prominent city locations. This strategic placement offers convenient access to popular tourist attractions, which can add to the appeal for a variety of visitors.

The NH Collection Milano Touring, for instance, features a fully equipped gym, indicative of the hotel brand's interest in offering facilities that cater to modern travelers' needs, particularly those interested in maintaining a healthy lifestyle. The 24-hour reception offers a security aspect appreciated by those traveling alone.


Similarly, the NH Collection Frankfurt Spin Tower's inclusion of a restaurant and spa caters to a broader leisure experience, and guests frequently praise the helpfulness of the hotel's staff. This suggests the hotels within the NH Collection brand pay attention to providing an environment that prioritizes guest experience, potentially enhancing the feeling of security and wellbeing.

The hotel group also appears to be anticipating the increasing interest in professional events and conferences, highlighting the presence of flexible spaces equipped with modern technology. These flexible spaces open the possibility for the hotels to cater to a wider range of clientele, including business groups and event organizers.

It's worth examining if the NH Collection's emphasis on guest satisfaction manifests in noticeable service improvements. The concept of women-only floors can contribute to a higher level of safety and security for female solo travelers. However, whether these dedicated floors translate into a demonstrably superior customer experience remains an open question. It will be interesting to track whether this specific initiative leads to a substantial increase in bookings or a perceptible increase in satisfaction among female travelers.

7 Essential Safety Protocols for First-Time Solo Female Travelers in European Capital Cities - Download European Emergency Numbers App with Offline Access and GPS Location Sharing

When traveling solo in Europe, especially as a woman, having a reliable way to access emergency services is crucial. A useful tool to consider is the European Emergency Numbers app, which offers offline access to vital emergency contacts. The app not only provides the widely used European emergency number 112, but also specific local emergency contact numbers for various situations, which is handy in different European countries. Furthermore, it allows you to share your GPS location with chosen contacts, which can be particularly helpful in unfamiliar surroundings. While navigating new cities, having the ability to quickly connect with help in case of need can offer greater peace of mind. This is particularly beneficial for solo travelers, especially women, who might encounter situations requiring assistance. While some might view this as an unnecessary tool, it's a prudent step in enhancing your safety and preparedness, making the journey more enjoyable and reducing anxieties that can arise from unexpected situations. Having the right app with you can significantly contribute to a safer, more comfortable solo travel experience in Europe's diverse and vibrant cities.

The European Union established the 112 emergency number in 1991 to provide a single point of contact for emergencies across the continent. It's a good idea in theory, but in practice, there's a lot of room for improvement. The European Electronic Communications Code aims to leverage newer technologies to ensure everyone can access 112, which is a commendable goal.

The development of mobile apps dedicated to emergency services is an interesting technological evolution in this space. Apps like EmergencyConnect and Emerg are designed to provide quick access to emergency contacts. These apps can send your current location via GPS even if you don't have a working internet connection, which is particularly useful in areas with patchy cell service or during emergencies that damage infrastructure. They also try to make it easier to find the right numbers. Some apps, like "Where Are U," focus on connecting with 112 specifically. While most of these apps seem to focus on Europe, others can handle emergency calls from across the globe.

This has some interesting consequences. A significant portion of emergency calls are now made using mobile phones, according to some research. This has made precise location data more critical to emergency dispatchers. This is a trend that is likely to continue as more people move to smartphones. The European Accessibility Act, passed in 2019, wants to ensure everyone has access to emergency communications, a rather ambitious goal, to say the least.

Google and the European Emergency Number Association are working on location technologies to further improve the ability to find someone who is in need of help. These collaborations have had some success with locating people quickly. The apps also include multilingual support, which is a useful feature for travelers who may not speak the local language. It can help them effectively convey their need for assistance, thus making the experience a little bit smoother for both them and the emergency services. However, the usefulness of the app is largely dependent on users understanding the interface and how the app works during a stressful or crisis situation. The need to be familiar with the features and how they are used is rather important. While these apps aim to simplify emergency contact, and they generally are fairly intuitive to use, panic or stress can have a negative effect on a person's ability to recall critical information.


In addition to developing technology, it's important to recognize that these are only tools to support traveler safety. One of the major points in the original text and that the authors emphasized throughout the series is to take your own personal safety seriously and make good choices. There's also a trend of people trying to make the travel experience safer through the use of mobile apps. This is particularly true for more vulnerable demographic groups, such as solo female travelers, who are looking for tools to help protect themselves. It's worth noting this is an evolving area of technology with both benefits and limitations, but also a strong trend in the development of technology and the travel industry.

7 Essential Safety Protocols for First-Time Solo Female Travelers in European Capital Cities - Connect with Female Travel Groups Through Meetup Events in Major Cities

Connecting with other female travelers, particularly in major European cities, can provide a valuable sense of support and camaraderie for first-time solo adventurers. Meetup events specifically geared towards women travelers offer a unique opportunity to share experiences and insights about navigating European capitals, fostering a feeling of community. Groups like "Women Who Travel" often create platforms where local women interested in travel can connect, exchange safety tips and stories, and offer mutual encouragement.

Participating in these events can also be a great way to discover hidden gems or safer areas in the city, potentially avoiding some of the pitfalls associated with traveling alone in a new environment. They can serve as a great resource for gathering insights on trustworthy local transportation, recommended restaurants and cafes that are considered safe and friendly, as well as suggestions on avoiding areas with a higher risk of harassment or crime. Moreover, a network of like-minded women can help solo travelers develop a broader perspective on their journey, encouraging them to think critically about their choices and potentially mitigating some of the concerns about navigating unfamiliar European cities on their own. It's important to approach these events with an open mind and a willingness to connect with others. By creating bonds and forging new friendships, women travelers can transform their journey from a solo endeavor into a collection of shared adventures and experiences.

Connecting with female travel groups via Meetup events in major European cities offers a fascinating lens into how social interaction and technology are reshaping the solo female travel experience.

Meetup events, often organized by groups like "Women Who Travel," have seen an increase in popularity over recent years, coinciding with a surge in solo female travel. While these gatherings can provide a sense of security and camaraderie, their effectiveness in achieving this goal is interesting to analyze.

One key advantage of joining these groups is the networking potential. Connections formed through these events can extend beyond immediate travel plans and create a sense of community. Some groups even focus on cultural immersion, including culinary experiences which can be a unique and insightful way to understand the local culture.

There are some tangible benefits as well. Groups often arrange combined flight purchases, potentially leveraging economies of scale for reduced fares. This sort of collaborative planning is an interesting phenomenon, highlighting how travel expenses can be optimized through collective action. Moreover, it's not uncommon to find members sharing travel tips and safety advice gleaned from local experience.

Beyond the material gains, there's a powerful psychological impact to consider. The shared experiences foster increased travel confidence among women, which is particularly beneficial for first-time solo travelers. In addition, engaging with a community of like-minded individuals can contribute to greater mental wellbeing. Interestingly, this relates to an ongoing discussion about the role of travel in managing stress and fostering personal growth.

However, the effectiveness of these groups can vary significantly depending on factors like the group's size, activity level, and the individuals involved. This highlights a point many researchers have pondered: the role of social psychology in shaping the travel experience. In a globalized world, platforms like Meetup enable connections across borders, but navigating the dynamic social landscape of diverse groups requires awareness and social skills.

Ultimately, Meetup events serve as an interesting case study in how digital tools facilitate community building within a broader social context. While safety and social connection are primary drivers, it's worth examining how effective such communities are in delivering on these promises. Examining these events reveals an interesting interplay of technological developments, social behavior, and the changing face of travel. It's a fascinating development that likely will continue to evolve.

7 Essential Safety Protocols for First-Time Solo Female Travelers in European Capital Cities - Register Your Travel Plans with Your Country's Embassy Alert System

When traveling solo in European capitals, particularly as a woman, taking proactive steps for safety is crucial. One such measure is registering your travel plans with your country's embassy or consulate alert system. These systems, often free services, provide real-time updates regarding potential safety concerns and local emergency contact information.

By registering, embassies can effectively contact you in the event of unexpected situations, like natural disasters or political instability, facilitating rapid assistance if needed. It's also a way to stay informed about evolving local situations, helping you make better choices during your travels and enhance your overall safety.

While seemingly simple, this step can significantly contribute to peace of mind and preparedness, ensuring you're equipped with information and support in case of an emergency. It’s a small effort with potentially big benefits when navigating unfamiliar environments on your own.

**Register Your Travel Plans with Your Country's Embassy Alert System**


In an increasingly interconnected world, governments are taking a more proactive approach to ensuring the safety of their citizens abroad. Many countries now encourage, and in some cases require, their citizens to register their travel plans with their respective embassies, particularly when traveling to regions known for political instability or where natural hazards are common.

This registration process offers travelers several benefits. The embassy can readily reach registered travelers with timely alerts about safety warnings, health advisories, or potential civil unrest, providing a much-needed level of situational awareness. This can be especially helpful for solo travelers venturing into unfamiliar environments. Additionally, some embassies provide a range of supplementary services, such as destination-specific travel advice and local regulations, ensuring that travelers are better informed about the cultural and legal nuances of their destinations.

Should travelers encounter emergencies—be it a health crisis, a natural disaster, or a civil disturbance—registration with the embassy can facilitate swifter access to consular assistance or evacuation plans. For instance, many embassies have established procedures for contacting registered travelers during crises, providing support when access to local services might be limited. It's interesting how this emphasis on proactive safety has evolved, suggesting a shift from reactive crisis management to a more forward-looking approach to traveler security.

One might also consider how embassies use registration data to anticipate travel patterns and trends. It's conceivable that this data could be leveraged to inform recommendations about travel safety in certain regions, potentially leading to better travel advisories or even targeted safety measures for travelers.

However, there's always a trade-off with data collection. Travelers might have concerns regarding data privacy and security, particularly in this era of heightened awareness about data management practices. It's worth noting that many embassies emphasize data protection and privacy policies, promising that data is only shared under emergency circumstances.

In situations where conventional communication systems might fail, such as in the wake of a natural disaster, registered travelers might have a higher likelihood of being contacted by their embassies, facilitating a crucial communication link with worried families and friends back home. This added layer of connectivity can be of immense value during chaotic events. It's also noteworthy that some embassies offer training resources to enhance traveler safety. These might encompass advice gleaned from crisis response procedures employed by embassy staff and are often tailored to address common safety concerns.

Lastly, registration can bridge connections between travelers and expatriate communities residing in the destination country, offering a potential social network for solo travelers seeking support and guidance in new environments. This underscores a broader trend of using technology and established networks to foster traveler safety and ensure that travelers are adequately informed and equipped to manage unforeseen events.

While the degree to which embassy registration impacts travel safety may vary depending on the individual destination and the embassy's practices, the trend of increased traveler registration indicates a evolving approach to travel safety. This suggests a growing awareness that proactive security measures can have a tangible impact on the travel experience for citizens abroad.

7 Essential Safety Protocols for First-Time Solo Female Travelers in European Capital Cities - Use Digital Door Jammers and Window Alarms in Your Accommodation

When staying in accommodations, particularly while exploring European capitals solo, enhancing your personal security is key. Digital door jammers and window alarms can provide an extra layer of protection against unwanted intrusions. These portable devices, often inexpensive and readily available, act as a physical deterrent to anyone attempting to enter your room without permission.

While many hotels have basic security features like deadbolts and peepholes, it's advisable to evaluate the specific security of your room and potentially consider supplemental measures. A simple door wedge or a more advanced electronic alarm could provide a further sense of safety. Especially when you are traveling alone, the ability to quickly reinforce your room's security can be reassuring.

It's a good practice to regularly check the condition of the locks and any security features provided by your hotel and report any concerns to the front desk. Ensuring your room's entry points are secured properly allows you to focus more on enjoying your exploration of the city and less on security concerns, fostering a more relaxing and enjoyable travel experience.

When traveling solo, especially in unfamiliar environments, a sense of security can significantly impact the enjoyment of the trip. For first-time solo female travelers in European capitals, this is particularly important. While hotels strive to maintain security, relying solely on standard hotel security can be insufficient. Adding layers of personal security to your travel preparations can be a smart decision.

One area to consider is using digital door jammers and window alarms. These devices, often overlooked, offer a simple yet effective way to enhance security in a hotel room or Airbnb. While rudimentary rubber door wedges have been used for ages, digital door jammers often integrate more advanced features, like alarms. These range from portable units that combine door bars or braces with wedges to fixed devices that are directly attached to the doorframe.

A crucial factor when selecting accommodations should be the inherent security of the building. Do the doors have proper deadbolts and peepholes? Do sliding glass doors have functional locks and security bars? It's important to acknowledge that hotel security relies on multiple layers of protection. Hotels ideally should invest in staff training regarding security protocols and control access to the premises, including visitors and service personnel.

One interesting trend is the adoption of electronic key cards, which often leverage credit card-like technology. These cards are seen as more secure than traditional keys, largely due to their ease of activation and deactivation. They are also typically more resistant to copying or replication, reducing the risk of unauthorized access.

However, the physical security of the accommodation is only one part of a holistic approach to safety. Hotel management needs to consistently inspect and maintain electrical systems and ensure fire safety codes are followed, including smoke detectors and fire extinguishers. It's vital to report any deficiencies or issues concerning room security directly to hotel staff immediately.

Travel-related personal security has evolved. We see more compact, affordable locks and security devices, aimed specifically at improving travel security. A notable aspect of digital door jammers and window alarms is the ability to provide a visible, or audible deterrent, to potential intruders. They can also alert nearby people of potential danger.

Ultimately, hotels have a vested interest in improving security. Secure, safe hotels tend to attract a loyal clientele. They gain a better reputation and are perceived as more trustworthy. This ultimately contributes to their commercial success.


However, the effectiveness of these measures varies. The reliability of some digital door jammers is questionable at times. Likewise, the quality of window alarms can be variable. It's important to do some research to ensure the product you select meets your expectations. Additionally, security devices are only one part of personal safety. Situational awareness and making wise decisions are vital for ensuring personal safety. It is a multifaceted endeavor that needs multiple considerations.


It is also important to consider if these are useful for the average traveler. For some travelers, they are overkill. It's important to understand what your personal safety risk tolerance is. You can then select the proper combination of measures that can help you feel more comfortable on your journey. The availability of tools like digital door jammers and window alarms presents an intriguing area of personal security for travelers. They deserve to be considered in your travel plans for European cities.

7 Essential Safety Protocols for First-Time Solo Female Travelers in European Capital Cities - Get a European SIM Card with Unlimited Data for Constant Connectivity

When exploring European capitals solo, especially as a woman, staying connected is crucial for both practical reasons and safety. Having constant access to navigation, communication, and local information can make a significant difference in how smoothly a journey unfolds. Securing a European SIM card that offers unlimited data can remove the anxiety surrounding international roaming charges and spotty connectivity. There are multiple options available that vary in price and features, making them suitable for different trip durations and data requirements. Companies such as Bouygues Telecom offer affordable prepaid options with a decent amount of data included. For those who need to be constantly connected, Holafly's unlimited data SIMs are a consideration, though it is unclear how reliable the service is across the different mobile providers they work with and tethering features might be limited in scope.


It is important to assess individual needs when choosing a SIM card. Those with shorter trips and moderate data needs may find the Bouygues Telecom or similar cards more than sufficient, while those who plan on using data extensively might be better off with an unlimited option like Holafly, despite the drawbacks. However, in 2024, it's rather challenging to assess the reliability of certain companies across different parts of the continent, so users need to be aware that quality of service might vary. Travelers can feel more secure with constant access to help and information in unfamiliar environments, potentially making the travel experience safer and more enjoyable. Essentially, having a reliable and flexible data connection allows travelers to navigate with greater confidence and reduces stress compared to worrying about unpredictable roaming charges.




Staying connected while exploring Europe's diverse cities is increasingly important, particularly for solo female travelers. A European SIM card with unlimited data can be a game-changer for maintaining constant online access, eliminating concerns about data caps and roaming costs. However, the world of SIM cards and data plans can be a bit confusing.

One prominent provider, Holafly, for example, offers unlimited data SIM cards and claims reliable connections by partnering with various regional providers. Another option is Bouygues Telecom, which offers both physical SIM cards and eSIMs. It seems they have a more extensive network than Orange, another major player, and potentially more data and a longer validity period. Tiekom, based in Spain, offers a 400 GB option with a portion of it usable in the EU. For physical cards, Bouygues Telecom's 30 GB card seems to be a frequently recommended option this year, potentially offering a good balance of data volume and price. Three offers a prepaid option for 12 GB of data, with calling and text features, spanning 71 countries. SFR and TIM provide more data-focused plans, both being within the €20-25 range and valid for 30 days. While O2 is a UK brand, their Go Travel card, provides a Czech phone number and 10 GB of data.


It's intriguing that despite regulations aimed at eliminating roaming charges across the EU, some countries outside the EU still impose charges. A local SIM card provides a buffer against unexpected costs. In terms of functionality, most European SIM cards can be integrated into phones with dual SIM slots, providing flexibility for those who want to keep their home number active. The convenience of eSIMs for immediate activation, without needing a physical SIM card, has gained popularity. This approach eliminates the hassle of physically changing the card, allowing travelers to focus on their adventures.


It's important to note that "unlimited" plans often come with fair-use policies. Data speeds might be reduced after exceeding a certain threshold, typically 50 GB or more. In many major cities, public Wi-Fi options are being established. But these often come with limitations such as ad displays or time constraints. The quality of these public Wi-Fi services varies greatly. The potential for hacking on public Wi-Fi is a security risk, which makes a local SIM card potentially more secure.


When evaluating a data plan, it's also important to consider any rollover features. Unused data might be carried over to subsequent months. Another useful feature for many is tethering, which allows travelers to share their data connection with other devices. These features and characteristics demonstrate a continuous evolution of SIM cards and mobile data plans. Travelers can find options to suit their specific needs. The availability of unlimited data plans and the flexibility provided by SIM cards and eSIMs represent a remarkable shift in mobile connectivity, offering more control and peace of mind, especially for those who travel alone.